2. What is the formation process of the El Niño phenomenon?

It is known that meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes was the first meteorologist to give a reasonable explanation for the El Niño phenomenon. Founder of the Department of Meteorology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), now Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. He linked the unusually high ocean surface temperatures to weak easterly winds, and the accompanying heavy rainfall.

According to the International Center for Research on the El Niño Phenomenon (CIIFEN), with scientific advances, various climatic variables have been identified, determining that it is not only a product of the warm current, but that “temperature” is also involved in this phenomenon. of the sea, marine currents, sea level, winds, atmospheric pressure, rain, etc.” As for the ocean, it is considered that we can observe the formation of the El Niño event “when there is an increase in Temperature “Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific, which therefore indicates a warm phase”.

The CIIFEN considers it relevant to know the differentiation of the concepts of climate variability and climate change so as not to be confused. The key is the persistence of variations over time. Climate variability occurs from months to years and its variations are temporary, unlike in climate change the climate variations are gradual and permanent over time for up to several decades.