{"id":26330,"date":"2017-03-16T16:39:45","date_gmt":"2017-03-16T16:39:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sgkplanet.com\/wpml\/?p=26330"},"modified":"2019-10-22T16:43:15","modified_gmt":"2019-10-22T16:43:15","slug":"cubagua-and-its-early-human-predators","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sgkplanet.com\/en\/cubagua-and-its-early-human-predators\/","title":{"rendered":"Cubagua and its Early Human Predators"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h4><strong>The story referred here are unusual, but very well documented events, occurring between 1515 and 1545, which are equivalent to a small laboratory, a sample of what today was happening on a large scale on Earth.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p style=\"text-align: justify\">Few people know what Cubagua is, except the Venezuelans, and yet most people do not know the facts that occurred there 500 years ago. Cubagua is an island located to the northeast of Venezuela, very close to the coasts of the east, it forms part of the insular group Margarita, Coche and Cubagua, discovered by Cristopher Columbus, in 1498. Its barely 6 km long by 4 km wide, its lack of fresh water and barren soil, were not at all sympathetic to its economic importance, owing to the immense oyster banks of splendid pearls hidden beneath its waters. This treasure was the most coveted until that time, as precious as gold, since the golden metal would only appear abundantly before European eyes in the Aztec empire in 1519 and the Inca in 1532.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Beginning in 1523, many people from Hispaniola (today the island occupied by Haiti and the Dominican Republic) and prominent businessmen from Europe and Spain moved to Cubagua, bringing their families with them. Overnight Nueva C\u00e1diz flourished, an elegant city of \u201cstraight and well-marked streets\u201d. The main one was three hundred meters long. Some houses were luxurious, \u201ctall and towering,\u201d built of stones, with spacious warehouses and docks, as well made as if that pearly resource would be infinite and the city designed for a thousand years.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The intensity of the exploitation of pearly pleasures between 1520 and 1525 was such that ten thousand marks of pearls were declared, equivalent to about 2.27 tons. At that time, there was no notion about the reproduction cycle of the mother-of-pearl and no prohibition was enacted to grant them a truce to reproduce. 1527 was the year of greatest extraction, with almost 1.4 tons declared. Since then production plummeted. Between 1537 and 1540 an average of less than 12 kilos of annual pearls was declared.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In 1530 two streets of New Cadiz were already depopulated; In 1532 the possibility of moving the city to land was discussed, the following year they asked the judge of residence to pass to Margarita; In 1537 this same request was formalized to the emperor and in 1539 several \u201clords of canoes\u201d, the owners of the oyster\u2019s fisheries, obtained permission of the Crown to move to Cabo de la Vela, a small bay located in the Guajira, in Colombia. The canoes were manned by fifteen or twenty Indians and daily extracted between six and seven marks of pearls, on average twice as much as they had in Cubagua. The activity here also declined speedily, though not only because of the exhaustion of the mother-of-pearl but because of the belligerent attitude of the Guajiro Indians.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">It took less than 20 years to slash a work formed over millions of years by nature. From 1545 to New Cadiz like a cemetery. The huge and elegant buildings, designed for a millennium, were abandoned in less than two decades, as silent witnesses to the great predation done by exotic beings called homo sapiens-sapiens, something like \u201cwise men who think.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">But these men did not think about the future, like some humans today, like those who hurled two-thirds of the jungles of Borneo (link Borneo I) without thinking that it was the largest plant lung in Southeast Asia, where local climate change is already a fulfilled fact (link Borneo II). The Amazon rainforest is also being depleted and seems to have the same destiny as the forests of the third largest island in the world. Thousands of times it has been repeated that the Amazon rainforest is the purifier of the planet\u2019s air, but like five hundred years ago, everything indicates that in a few decades the magnificent forests will become deserts and, if these mega depredations do not stop, Humans will witness the greatest planetary catastrophe ever imagined.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">But what happens in Amazonas and in Borneo not only happens in these privileged jungles with great dangers of extinction of species, many already in terminal phase. The oceans are also depopulated, as we know from the news reports of the rapid decline of whales, fish and other \u201cedible\u201d species, which can become a biological imbalance of great proportions. It is possible that due to its complexity, science has no answer and is not able to construct a model to anticipate the future.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">To conclude, we must emphasize that Cubagua, with its early ecological catastrophe, its small size, its only valuable and abundant species, and the speed with which its population of mother-of-pearl was extinguished, can serve as an example to understand the problem of large and Complex extinctions of species. Due to its simplicity, the Cubagua case can be taken as a \u201cunit of understanding and measurement\u201d to understand, quantify and regulate the intensive and excessive extraction of natural resources of our planet by humans.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sandor Alejandro Gerendas-Kiss<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Note:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The historian Enrique Otte did a monumental work, \u201cLas perlas del Caribe: Nueva Cadiz de Cubagua\u201d a 620-page book, full documented on Cubagua and what happened there, which may be useful for an in-depth study.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Sources:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">OTTE, ENRIQUE<br \/>\nThe Pearls of the Caribbean. New Cadiz of Cubagua.<br \/>\nJohn Boulton Foundation 1977. Caracas, Venezuela<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">GERENDAS-KISS, SANDOR ALEJANDRO<br \/>\nColonial History of \u00a0Venezuela. The birth of a country. 1506-1561<br \/>\nRetrieved from https:\/\/sgkplanet.com\/el-nacimiento-de-un-pais<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"alignleft\"><div class=\"fusion-social-links fusion-social-links-1\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:-10px;--awb-margin-right:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-left:0px;--awb-alignment:left;--awb-box-border-top:0px;--awb-box-border-right:0px;--awb-box-border-bottom:0px;--awb-box-border-left:0px;--awb-icon-colors-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.8);--awb-box-colors-hover:rgba(232,232,232,0.8);--awb-box-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-box-border-color-hover:var(--awb-color4);\"><div class=\"fusion-social-networks color-type-brand\"><div class=\"fusion-social-networks-wrapper\"><a class=\"fusion-social-network-icon fusion-tooltip fusion-twitter awb-icon-twitter\" style=\"color:#000000;font-size:20px;\" data-placement=\"left\" data-title=\"X\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" title=\"X\" aria-label=\"twitter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sgkplanet\"><\/a><a class=\"fusion-social-network-icon fusion-tooltip fusion-facebook awb-icon-facebook\" style=\"color:#3b5998;font-size:20px;\" data-placement=\"left\" data-title=\"Facebook\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" title=\"Facebook\" aria-label=\"facebook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/sgerendaskiss\"><\/a><a class=\"fusion-social-network-icon fusion-tooltip fusion-instagram awb-icon-instagram\" style=\"color:#c13584;font-size:20px;\" data-placement=\"left\" data-title=\"Instagram\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" title=\"Instagram\" aria-label=\"instagram\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/sgerendaskiss\"><\/a><a class=\"fusion-social-network-icon fusion-tooltip fusion-linkedin awb-icon-linkedin\" style=\"color:#0077b5;font-size:20px;\" data-placement=\"left\" data-title=\"LinkedIn\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" title=\"LinkedIn\" aria-label=\"linkedin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/linkedin.com\/in\/sgerendaskiss\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":26331,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[141,143,115,131,120,134,136,132],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anthropocene-en","category-climate-change-en","category-cop-and-climate-conferences","category-environment","category-global-warming-en","category-pollution","category-sustainability","category-water"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cubagua and its Early Human Predators - SGK-Planet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sgkplanet.com\/en\/cubagua-and-its-early-human-predators\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cubagua and its Early Human Predators - SGK-Planet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sgkplanet.com\/en\/cubagua-and-its-early-human-predators\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SGK-Planet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sgkplanet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-03-16T16:39:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-22T16:43:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sgkplanet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Cubagua-y-sus-tempranos-depredadores-humanos-Website-SGK-PLANET-Articulo-Sandor-Alejandro-Gerendas-Kiss.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"556\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sandor A. 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